Table 1 Microbial diversity between dairy and non-dairy kefir

Dairy based

Lactobacilli

Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lb. amylovorus, Lb. apis, Lb. crispatus, Lb. delbrueckii, Lb. fomicalis, Lb. gallinarum, Lb. gasseri, Lb. gigeriorum, Lb jensenii, Lb. kalixensis, Lb. kitasatonis, Lb. ultunensis, Lentilactobacillus otakiensis, Lenti Lb. parakefiri, Lentilactobacillus sunkii, Levilactobacillus brevis, Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Ligilactobacillus salivarius, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus

[6, 21]

Lactococci

Lactococcus cremoris, Lc. garvieae, Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris

[26, 27]

Streptococci

Streptococcus durans, S. faecalis, S. thermophilus

[33]

Acetic acid bacteria

Acetobacter aceti, A. fabarum, A. genera, A. lovaniensis, A. orientalis, A. pasteurianus, A. syzygii, Gluconobacter japonicus, Gluconobacter morbifer

[39,40,41]

Yeast

Hanseniaspora uvarum, Kazachstania aquatica, K. aerobia, K. servazzii, K. solicola, K. turicensis, Saccharomyces cariocanus, S. servazzii

[27, 40]

Other probiotics

Pediococcus halophilus, P. lolii, P. pentosaceus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Enterococcus species

[30, 31]

Non-dairy based

Lactobacilli

Lb. buchneri, Lb. casei, Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lb. diolivoran, Lb. fermentum, Lb. helveticus, Lb. hilgardii, Lb. hordei, Lb. kefiranofaciens, Lb. kefiri, Lb. mali, Lb. nagelli, Lb. paracasei, Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei, Lb. paracasei subsp. tolerans, Lb. parabuchneri, Lb. parafarraginis, Lb. perolens, Lb. plantarum, Lb. satsumensis, Lb. sunkii, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc species, Oenococcus kitaharae, Oenococcus oeni

[28, 46, 50]

Lactococci

Lc. citreum, Lc. lactis

[52, 53]

Yeast

Candida boidinii, C. valdiviana, Dekkera anomala, D. bruxellensis, Hanseniaspora valbyensis, Issatchenkia orientalis, Kazachstania unispora, Kluyveromyces lactis, K. marxiamus, Lachancea fermentati, L. meyersii, Meyerozyma species, Pichia caribbica, P. cecembensis, P. fermentans, P. membranifaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Yarrowia lipolytica, Zygosaccharomyces fermentati, Z. lipolytica, Zygotorulaspora florentina

[54, 80]