Table 1 Most important gut microbes for distinguishing the Inuit microbiome from other non-industrialized and industrialized populations according to Abed et al. [45]
Rank | Species | Characteristics of the species and relationship to diet |
|---|---|---|
1 | Collinsella massiliensis | Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic, non-motile, and non-spore-forming bacillus [46] |
2 | Prevotella sp AM42 24 | A common anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium associated with both desirable and undesirable traits [47] |
3 | Clostridium innocuum | An anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that is often benign but also potentially pathogenic [48] |
4 | Flavonifractor plautii | A strictly anaerobic, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria belonging to the family of Clostridiales. It is common in the gut and can cause blood infections but may help suppress allergies [49] |
5 | Clostridium bolteae | Obligate anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria [50]. Has been associated with autism [51] |
6 | Clostridium leptum | A Clostridium bacteria that seems to be mostly beneficial and exhibits anti-inflammatory properties [52] |
7 | Anaerostipes hadrus | A butyrate-producing bacteria isolated from human feces, gram-positive and rod-shaped. Beneficial for a healthy gut [53] |
8 | Enorma massiliensis | Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, and rod-shaped organisms first isolated from fecal samples of healthy Chinese subjects [54] |
9 | Prevotella sp 885 | A common genus of gut bacteria, but this species is associated with chronic kidney disease [55] |
10 | Bacteroides uniformis | Bacteroides are common gut bacteria with harmful and beneficial properties, B. uniformis has been shown to have beneficial metabolic effects and to improve exercise performance [56] |
11 | Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans | Gut bacteria were found to be elevated in several disease states, such as multiple sclerosis, but no cause and effect was established [57] |
12 | Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans | Gram-positive, obligate anaerobe, non-motile, non-spore-forming, spindle-shaped bacteria isolated from human feces [58] |
13 | Eggerthella lenta | A common anaerobic, non-sporulating, and Gram-positive bacteria in humans that can sometimes cause serious infections [59] |
14 | Anaerobiospirillum thomasii | It is a potential pathogen, an anaerobic spiral bacteria isolated from the feces of cats and dogs and from the diarrheal feces of humans [60] |
15 | Anaerotruncus colihominis | Gram-positive, anaerobe, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from human feces [61] |
16 | Butyrivibrio crossotus | A gut bacteria shown to be elevated in metabolically healthy people [62] |
17 | Blautia wexlerae | A potential probiotic bacteria that has been shown to prevent obesity and type 2 diabetes by improving the microbiome [63] |
18 | Bacteroides vulgatus | Beneficial bacteria with anti-inflammatory effects are shown to be protective against ulcerative colitis [64] |
19 | Blautia obeum | An anaerobic bacteria, possible immune enhancer. Eating dark chocolate enhanced B. obeum and improved mood [65] |
20 | Alistipes finegoldii | An anaerobic bacteria often found in healthy gut but also associated with severe infections, but some studies show protective effects against several major diseases [66] |